Wiesel was tattooed with inmate number "A-7713" on his left arm. In Night, Wiesel recalled the shame he felt when he heard his father being beaten and was unable to help. Until that transfer, he admitted to Oprah Winfrey, his primary motivation for trying to survive Auschwitz was knowing that his father was still alive: "I knew that if I died, he would die." After they were taken to Buchenwald, his father died before the camp was liberated. Wiesel and his father were later deported to the concentration camp at Buchenwald. Wiesel and his father were selected to perform labor so long as they remained able-bodied, after which they were to be killed in the gas chambers. Immediately after they were sent to Auschwitz, his mother and his younger sister were murdered. In May 1944, the Hungarian authorities, under German pressure, began to deport the Jewish community to the Auschwitz concentration camp, where up to 90 percent of the people were killed on arrival. Wiesel was 15, and he, with his family, along with the rest of the town's Jewish population, was placed in one of the two confinement ghettos set up in Máramarossziget ( Sighet), the town where he had been born and raised. In March 1944, Germany occupied Hungary, thus extending the Holocaust into Northern Transylvania as well. Wiesel is in the second row from the bottom, seventh from the left, next to the bunk post.
Imprisonment and orphaning during the Holocaustīuchenwald concentration camp, photo taken April 16, 1945, five days after liberation of the camp. Tzipora, Shlomo, and Sarah did not survive the Holocaust. They eventually emigrated to North America, with Beatrice moving to Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Beatrice and Hilda survived the war, and were reunited with Wiesel at a French orphanage.
Wiesel had three siblings-older sisters Beatrice and Hilda, and younger sister Tzipora. Wiesel was instructed that his genealogy traced back to Rabbi Schlomo Yitzhaki (Rashi), and was a descendant of Rabbi Yeshayahu ben Abraham Horovitz ha-Levi. Wiesel has said his father represented reason, while his mother Sarah promoted faith. Wiesel's father, Shlomo, instilled a strong sense of humanism in his son, encouraging him to learn Hebrew and to read literature, whereas his mother encouraged him to study the Torah. Dodye was active and trusted within the community. Wiesel's mother, Sarah, was the daughter of Dodye Feig, a Vizhnitz Hasid and farmer from the nearby village of Bocskó. At home, Wiesel's family spoke Yiddish most of the time, but also German, Hungarian, and Romanian. His parents were Sarah Feig and Shlomo Wiesel. The house in which Wiesel was born in SighetĮlie Wiesel was born in Sighet (now Sighetu Marmației), Maramureș, in the Carpathian Mountains of Romania. He was a founding board member of the New York Human Rights Foundation and remained active in it throughout his life. The Nobel Committee also stressed that Wiesel's commitment originated in the sufferings of the Jewish people but that he expanded it to embrace all repressed peoples and races. The Norwegian Nobel Committee called him a "messenger to mankind", stating that through his struggle to come to terms with "his own personal experience of total humiliation and of the utter contempt for humanity shown in Hitler's death camps", as well as his "practical work in the cause of peace", Wiesel delivered a message "of peace, atonement, and human dignity" to humanity.
Wiesel was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1986. He was described as "the most important Jew in America" by the Los Angeles Times in 2003. He publicly condemned the 1915 Armenian genocide and remained a strong defender of human rights during his lifetime. In his political activities, he also campaigned for victims of oppression in places like South Africa, Nicaragua, Kosovo, and Sudan. He was involved with Jewish causes and human rights causes and helped establish the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D. He was a professor of the humanities at Boston University, which created the Elie Wiesel Center for Jewish Studies in his honor. He authored 57 books, written mostly in French and English, including Night, a work based on his experiences as a Jewish prisoner in the Auschwitz and Buchenwald concentration camps. Elie Wiesel ( / ˈ ɛ l i v iː ˈ z ɛ l/, born Eliezer Wiesel Yiddish: אליעזר װיזעל Eliezer Vizel Septem– July 2, 2016) was a Romanian-born American writer, professor, political activist, Nobel laureate, and Holocaust survivor.
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